Enforcement hub

Which foreign judgments are enforced in the United Kingdom

This page lists the country pairs for judgments and awards moving into the United Kingdom. Since Brexit ended UK access to Brussels Ia and Lugano, each origin country now runs on its own legal basis, and that basis differs from pair to pair. The pages below set out which basis applies and what follows from it.

Index

Start from the enforcement hub if the origin country for a claim is not listed below.

• Cyprus to UK: same post-Brexit exit from Brussels Ia, a different statutory route applies.
• Germany to UK: a frequent origin for judgment debt now enforced through a separate route.
• Spain to UK: recognition depends on when the underlying proceedings started.
• Luxembourg to UK: common origin for fund-structure judgments against UK-based counterparties.
• Malta to UK: relevant where the underlying vehicle was Malta-incorporated.
• Netherlands to UK: a separate statutory or common-law route applies here too.
• Refusal type O8: the refusal pattern that sits behind many of these enforcement claims.