Enforcement hub
Where a United Kingdom judgment can be enforced
This page maps where a judgment obtained in a United Kingdom court can be taken next. Brexit ended the UK's participation in the Brussels Ia and Lugano regimes, so no single instrument now covers enforcement abroad in every case. The available route depends on the target country, the type of decision obtained, and when the underlying proceedings began.
Index
Which pages below matter depends on where the debtor's assets sit and when the claim arose. Hague 2019 entered into force for the UK on 1 July 2025 and applies to proceedings started from that date, in relations with other contracting states; the convention's scope for the UK depends on declarations made and has not been disclosed as of the review date. Where a contract carried an exclusive choice of court clause, Hague 2005 is a separate route, unaffected by Hague 2019. Outside both conventions, recognition abroad rests on the target state's own law, checked jurisdiction by jurisdiction rather than assumed.
- Enforcement hub: the full map of directions covered, not only outward from the UK.
- Refusal type O8: what counts as failure to enforce a judgment, before the cross-border question arises.
- Cross-border recognition and enforcement: what the firm does once a route has been identified.
- UK jurisdiction profile: the domestic features a UK judgment carries with it before it travels.
- Enforcement to UK: the reverse direction, bringing a foreign judgment into a UK court.
- Crypto and platform accounts: enforcement against this asset class raises its own tracing and disclosure questions.
- Foreign real estate: enforcement against land abroad depends on the local land registry, not on any convention alone.
- Refusal type O1 in the UK: non-payment claims that precede any enforcement step covered here.
A first assessment is charged for regardless of outcome, and the firm's registration is a matter of public record that can be checked independently.